Statically scheduled Process Networks

نویسندگان

  • Julien Boucaron
  • Robert de Simone
چکیده

Event/Marked Graphs (EG) form a strict subset of Petri Nets. They are fundamental models in Scheduling Theory, mostly because of their absence of alternative behaviors (or conflict-freeness). It was established in the past that, under broad structural conditions, behavior of Timed Event Graphs (TEG) becomes utterly regular (technically speaking: “ultimately k-periodic”). More recently it has been proposed to use this kind of regular schedulings as syntactic types for so-called N-synchronous processes. These types remained essentially user-provided. Elsewhere there have been proposals for adding control in a “light fashion” to TEGs, not as general Petri Nets, but with the addition of Merge/Select nodes switching the data flows. This was much in the spirit of Kahn process networks [8, 9]. But usually the streams of test values governing the switches are left unspecified, which may introduce phenomena of congestion or starvation in the system, as token flow preservation becomes an issue. In the present paper we suggest to restrict the Merge/Select condition streams to (binary) k-periodic patterns as well, and to study their relations with the schedules constructed as before for TEGs, but on the extended model. We call this model Kahn-extended Event Graphs (KEG). The main result is that flow preservation is now checkable (by abstraction into another model of Weighted Marked Graphs, called SDF in the literature). There are many potential applications of KEGmodels, as for instance in modern Systemson-Chip (SoC) comprising on-Chip networks. Communication links can then be shared, and the model can represent the (regular) activity schedules of the computing as well as the communicating components, after a strict scheduling has been found. They can also be used as a support to help find the solution. Key-words: repetitive cyclic scheduling, binary, formal models, synchronous Statically scheduled Process Networks Résumé : Les Graphes d’évènement (EG) forment un sous-ensemble strict des Réseaux de Petri. Etant dénués de tout choix non-déterministe ils jouent un rôle fondamental dans la Théorie de l’Ordonnancement. Il a été établi dans le passé que, sous des hypothèses naturelles sur la forme structurelle des graphes, on savait construire une version temporisée de tels graphes d’evènement (TEG), qui admettait un ordonnancement finalement régulier (en terms techniques: ultimement kpériodique). Plus récemment il a été proposé d’utiliser ces formulations d’ordonnancement régulier comme types syntaxiques pour la conception de systèmes dits N-synchrones. Ce typage reste essentiellement fourni par l’ utilisateur. Par ailleurs des extensions aux EGs ont aussi été proposées dans le passé, afin d’introduire une “certaine dose” de contrôle (if-then-else), mais sans réintroduire toute la généralité des RdP. ceci repose sur des noeuds de contrôle merge et select, dont les branchements sont entièrement commandés par des conditions locales, distinctes des apparitions de valeurs aux canaux d’entrée, ce qui est dans la droite tradition des Réseaux de Kahn. Mais ces conditions sont en générale abstraites par cette propriété, ce qui introduit des questions de famine ou de congestion des canaux qui ne peuvent alors être résolues. Dans ce papier nous introduisons une notion de conditions de branchement k-périodiques sur ces noeudsMerge/Select. Le résultat prinipal est que le problème de l’égalisation des flots dans ce modèle redevient décidable, et qu’on peut y redéfinir une notion d’ordonnancement kpériodique qui combine la régularité “en profondeur” des latences avec celle “en largeur” des branchements alternatifs. Nous nommons ce modèle Graphes d’Evènement Kahn-augmentés (KEG). Il y a de nombreuses applications potentielles à ce m odèle KEG, en particulier dans le design de Systèmes-sur-puce (SoC) comprenant un Réseau-sur-puce (NoC). Dans des cas où les traffics peuvent être prévisibles (statiquement), le modèle permet de représenter l’entrelacement des routages afin de partager optimalement des sections de communication et acheminer les données sur un mode régulier. Il peut aussi permettre de trouver ces ordonnancements de trafic. Mots-clés : ordonnancement cyclique répétitif, binaire, modèles formels, synchrone Statically scheduled Process Networks 3

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تاریخ انتشار 2007